About Byte-Frequency Chi-Square Calculator
Calculates the Chi Square distribution of values.
Input: binary bytes (text input uses UTF-8; a file retains its original bytes). Output: a numeric value.
Format reference: Chi Square background and specification
Example
Use “Try example” to load this public sample and its settings, then run it.
Input
AAAA
Result
The example demonstrates the configured operation. Generated values, timestamps or formatting may vary between runs.
What does this statistic measure?
For each of the 256 byte values, this tool compares its observed count with the expected count of input length divided by 256. It sums (observed − expected)² / expected. The input AAAA produces 1020. This is not a contingency-table test, a p-value calculator or proof that data is encrypted.
Parameters
This tool does not need additional parameters.
Before interpreting the result
These tools have specialized conventions. Read the operation description and parameter choices before interpreting the result.
How to use this page
- Paste your input or open a local file.
- Adjust tool options if needed, then choose Run tool.
- Copy the result or download the original output bytes.
Inputs and results are not added to the public catalogue or saved in the URL. Processing happens in your browser; HTTP Request and DNS over HTTPS send the requests you explicitly run. Files up to 128 MiB can be opened; decompression and image tools may have smaller processing limits. Large results have a shortened preview. Text and HTML downloads use UTF-8; binary downloads preserve output bytes. Pasted text follows browser newline handling; open a file when exact input bytes matter.